sampling 

Variations is a seven part series history of appropriative collage in music, compositions made using recordings of older ones. It's a practice that in the '80s became known sampling — after the digital sampler — a breakthrough instrument which was designed to mimic traditional musical instruments by allowing the player to trigger recordings of them back on a keyboard. But it didn't take long for musicians to realize that the true strength of the sampler was the way in which it made it easy easy to collage and manipulate the best sounds from their favorite records into new pieces of music. This practice entered the popular mainstream by the 80s, long after observers had already identified collage as the defining new art form of the 20th century — and the roots of this music go back just as far. Over the course of this series, Leidecker looks at these roots, as appropriative collage developed across experimental and mainstream paths.

An overview as the art music tradition of collage music is joined by the popular culture tradition of hip-hop, which would establish many of the same aesthetics and practices solidly in the mainstream.

The late seventies saw the experimental tradition of collage continue in the form of Industrial Music & the cassette underground. But it took the sudden emergence of hip-hop culture for collage to make inroads towards the form of popular music, as DJs in the Bronx developed the mixer and the turntable into performative musical instruments for the stage. At the same time, academic and commercial firms brought a new and steadily more affordable device to the marketplace: a keyboard based, computer controlled instrument that came to be known as the Digital Sampler. Separate threads from different cultural backgrounds, traced as they rise to converge. 

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